Zero voltage, zero current switching boost converter

ABSTRACT

A zero voltage, zero current switching boost converter comprises a boost section including a main switch for receiving a first DC power and outputting a second DC power, and a resonant circuit comprising a first discharge loop including a first auxiliary switch and a second discharge loop including a second auxiliary switch for permitting the first DC power to discharge alternately through the first discharge loop and the second discharge loop to a load to generate the second DC power, and the boost converter is characterized by the main switch is turned on and off under a zero voltage circumstances and both the first auxiliary switch and the second auxiliary switch are turned on and off under a zero current circumstances, thereby reducing switching loss incurred herewith, suppressing electromagnetic interference and radio frequency interference of the resonant circuit, and miniaturizing the switch element and obtaining a better overall conversion efficiency.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention is in general related to a zero voltage, zero current switching boost converter which utilizes electronic switches to accomplish voltage boost operation.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART

[0002]FIG. 1 illustrates a single-phase boost converter. In FIG. 1, when the main switch S_(m) turns on, the direct current (DC) power outputted from the full-wave rectifier will start to accumulate electric energy on the boost choke L. The main diode D_(m) is turned off at this moment. When the main switch S_(m) turns off, the current will drop off instantaneously and the current transition rate (di/dt) of the boost choke L becomes negative. An inverse electromotive force of a magnitude of L(di/dt) is induced across the boost choke L. Thereby the main capacitor will be charged to achieve the function of voltage boost. Theoretically, the main switch S_(m) will rapidly and periodically turn on and off so that the electric energy stored in the boost choke L is able to discharge to the main capacitor at any time. In this manner, the main capacitor can maintain a constant voltage.

[0003] However, the boost converter of FIG. 1 is disadvantageous over the situation that when the main switch S_(m) is switching its state, the main switch S_(m) and the main diode D_(m) will incur a serious switching loss due to a reverse recovery current introduced by the main diode D_(m).

[0004]FIG. 2 is an improved boost converter which is designed for obviating the foregoing disadvantages encountered by the prior art boost converter of FIG. 1. The circuit configuration of FIG. 2 principally locates a branch circuit across the circuit nodes of the main switch S_(m) and also locates another branch circuit across the main diode D_(m). The auxiliary inductor L_(a) and the auxiliary switch S_(a) on the branch circuit can be applied to eliminate the reverse recovery current of the main diode D_(m) and preload electric energy onto the auxiliary inductor L_(a). Then the main switch S_(m) can be turned on under a zero voltage circumstances so that the energy stored in the auxiliary inductor L_(a) can be discharged through the diode D₂ to the output capacitor when the auxiliary switch S_(a) is turned off. Therefore the deficiency of high switching loss arising from the main diode of the boost converter of FIG. 1 can be eliminated. However, in FIG. 2, the switching loss arising from the auxiliary switch S_(a) is still existed, and further the problems of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) still have not been addressed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] An object of the present invention is the provision of a boost converter which enables the electronic switches thereof to switch their on/off states under a zero voltage/zero current circumstances, to avoid switching loss and reduce electromagnetic interference and radio frequency interference. In addition, the switch element of the boost converter can be of a miniaturized size and the overall performance can be enhanced.

[0006] To achieve the foregoing objectives, a zero voltage, zero current switching boost converter is proposed and comprises a boost section for receiving a first direct current (DC) power and outputting a boosted second direct current power, a resonant circuit comprising a first discharge loop including a first auxiliary switch and a second discharge loop including a second auxiliary switch for permitting the first direct current power to discharge alternately through the first discharge loop and the second discharge loop to a load to generate the second direct current power, and wherein the main switch is turned on and off under a zero voltage circumstances and both the first auxiliary switch and the second auxiliary switch are turned on and off under a zero current circumstances.

[0007] According to the zero voltage, zero current switching boost converter as described hereinbefore, the boost section further comprises a boost choke, and the load comprises a first output capacitor and a second output capacitor.

[0008] The first discharge loop further comprises a resonant inductor, the second output capacitor and a second main diode. The second discharge loop further comprises a first main diode, the first output capacitor and the resonant inductor.

[0009] Remarkably, both the first auxiliary switch and the second auxiliary switch comprise a unidirectional switch. A preferable implementation for the unidirectional switch is an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with a relatively low collector-emitter reverse-biased voltage with gate opened (V_(CEO)) An alternative for implementing the unidirectional switch is a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) or an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with a relatively high collector-emitter reverse-biased voltage with gate opened (V_(CEO)). If both the first auxiliary switch and the second auxiliary switch are implemented by an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with a relatively low collector-emitter reverse-biased voltage with gate opened (V_(CEO)), a first auxiliary diode and a second auxiliary diode are required to respectively connect with the first auxiliary switch and the second auxiliary switch.

[0010] Now the other features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood through the following descriptions with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011]FIG. 1 shows a conventional single-phase boost converter;

[0012]FIG. 2 shows another type of the conventional single-phase boost converter;

[0013]FIG. 3 (a) illustrates a circuit topological view of a boost converter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0014]FIG. 3(b) illustrates the circuit topological view of the boost converter of FIG. 3(a), with a first auxiliary diode and a second auxiliary diode are incorporated therein;

[0015]FIG. 4 exhibits a timing diagram for all the driving signals in the boost converter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0016]FIG. 5 demonstrates all the operating modes of the boost converter according to a preferred embodiment; and

[0017]FIG. 6 shows a signal generator for generating all the control signals thereof according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0018]FIG. 3(a) shows a circuit topological view of the boost converter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The input AC voltage is rectified by a full-wave rectifier to generate a first direct voltage (DC) power, and then the first DC voltage goes through a boost section and a resonant circuit to output a second DC power V₂.

[0019] The boost section comprises a boost choke L and a main switch S_(m). The boost converter of FIG. 3(a) further comprises a resonant circuit including a first discharge loop and a second discharge loop for permitting the first direct current power to be alternately discharged along the first discharge loop and the second discharge loop to a load. The load comprises a first output capacitor C₁ and a second output capacitor C₂. The first discharge loop according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is formed of a first auxiliary switch S_(a1), a resonant inductor L_(r), the second output capacitor C₂ and a second main diode D_(m2). The second discharge loop is formed of a first main diode D_(m1), the first output capacitor C₁, the resonant inductor L_(r) and a second auxiliary switch S_(a2). It is to be noted that both the first auxiliary switch S_(a1) and the second auxiliary switch S_(a2) are implemented by a unidirectional switch. If an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with a relatively low collector-emitter reverse-biased voltage with gate opened (V_(CEO))is adopted to implement both the first auxiliary switch S_(a1) and the second auxiliary switch S_(a2), a first auxiliary diode D_(a1) and a second auxiliary diode D_(a2) are required to respectively connect with the first auxiliary switch S_(a1) and the second auxiliary switch S_(a2), as shown in FIG. 3(b). If a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) or an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with a relatively high collector-emitter reverse-biased voltage with gate opened (V_(CEO)) is adopted to implement both the first auxiliary switch S_(a1) and the second auxiliary switch S_(a2), the auxiliary diode D_(a1) and the second auxiliary diode D_(a2) is not necessary to be incorporated into the boost converter.

[0020]FIG. 4 exhibits a timing diagram for all the driving signals in the boost converter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 illustrates all the operating modes of the boost converter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the operation of the boost converter is divided into twelve operating modes, and their operating axioms will now be described in more detail as follows.

[0021] Mode 0: This operating mode is operatively identical to the conventional single-phase boost converter of FIG. 2 operating in the discharge mode. In this operating mode, the energy stored in the boost choke L will be discharged to the output capacitor C₁ and C₂ through the main diode D_(m1) and D_(m2).

[0022] Mode 1: The unidirectional switch S_(a1) will turn on under a zero current circumstances, and the current flowing through the resonant inductor L_(r) will be increased in a linear fashion. As the current flowing through the resonant inductor L_(r) is increased up to be equal with the output current I_(o), this operating mode will be terminated.

[0023] Mode 2: The resonant capacitor C_(r) will come into resonance with the resonant inductor L_(r), which will cause the energy stored in the resonant capacitor C_(r) to be discharged until approximately zero. This operating mode terminates as the main switch S_(m) turns on.

[0024] Mode 3: When the voltage across the resonant capacitor C_(r) is approaching zero, the main switch S_(m) is driven to turn on by detecting if the voltage across the resonant capacitor C_(r) is approaching zero. This operating mode starts as the main switch S_(m) turns on, and the electric energy stored in the resonant inductor L_(r) will be discharged to the second output capacitor C₂ through the main switch S_(m). This operating mode terminates as the electric energy stored in the inductor L_(r) is fully discharged. Because the switch S_(a1) is a unidirectional switch, even the driving signal for the switch S_(a1) is high, the switch S_(a1) is still turned off, and further it is turned off under a zero current circumstances.

[0025] Mode 4: This operating mode starts as the energy stored in the resonant inductor L_(r) is discharged until zero. This operating mode is operatively identical to the charge mode of the conventional boost converter. This operating mode terminates as the PFC driving signal is deasserted.

[0026] Mode 5: This operating mode starts as the main switch S_(m) turns off, meanwhile the resonant capacitor C_(r) will be charged by the boost choke L. When the voltage across the resonant capacitor C_(r) is equal to the output voltage V_(o), this operating mode will be terminated.

[0027] Mode 6: When the voltage across the resonant capacitor C_(r) is equal to the output voltage V_(o), it will not go up anymore but will be clamped by the output voltage V_(o). This operating mode is operatively identical to the operating mode 0.

[0028] Mode 7: This operating mode is similar to the operating mode 1, except that the switch to be turned on is the second auxiliary switch S_(a2) instead of the first auxiliary switch S_(a1). As similar to the operating mode 1, the unidirectional switch S_(a2) will turn on under a zero current circumstances, and the current flowing through the resonant inductor L_(r) will be increased in a linear fashion. As the current flowing through the resonant inductor L_(r) is increased up to be equal with the output current I_(o), this operating mode will be terminated.

[0029] Mode 8: This operating mode is similar to the operating mode 2. The resonant capacitor C_(r) will come into resonance with the resonant inductor L_(r) through the unidirectional switch S_(a2) and the auxiliary diode D_(a2) to enable the electric energy stored in the resonant capacitor C_(r) to discharge until zero. This operating mode terminates as the main switch S_(m) turns on.

[0030] Mode 9: This operating mode is similar to the operating mode 3. This operating mode starts by detecting if the voltage across the resonant capacitor C_(r) is approaching zero to drive the main switch S_(m) to turn on. In this operating mode, the electric energy stored in the resonant inductor Lr is linearly discharged to the second output capacitor C₂ through the main switch S_(m). This operating mode terminates as the electric energy stored in the inductor L_(r) is fully discharged. Because the second auxiliary switch S_(a2) is a unidirectional switch, even the driving signal for the switch S_(a2) is high, the switch S_(a2) will automatically turn off, and further it is turned off at a zero current circumstances.

[0031] Mode 10: This operating mode starts as the energy stored in the resonant inductor L_(r) is discharged until zero. This operating mode is operatively identical to the charge mode of the conventional boost converter and the operating mode 4. This operating mode terminates as the PFC driving signal is deasserted, that is, this operating mode terminates as the main switch S_(m) is turned off. As to the operating mode 11, it is completely identical to the operating mode 5, and it is intended not to give unnecessary details herein.

[0032]FIG. 6 shows a control signal generator of the present invention. The control signal generator of the present invention is employed to generate the control signals of PFC driving signal (PFC) and the driving signals for the main switch S_(m), and the auxiliary switches S_(a1) and S_(a2).

[0033] To conclude, it is to be known from the above interpretations that according to the present invention the main switch S_(m) is configured to be driven to turn on or off under a zero voltage circumstances, and both the auxiliary switches S_(a1) and S_(a2) are configured to be driven to turn on or off under a zero current circumstances. Thereby the switching loss incurred herewith can be reduced and the high frequency electromagnetic interference and radio frequency interference can be eliminated. Further, the two auxiliary switches can adopt the switch elements of a miniaturized size, whereby miniaturizing the switch element. Besides, the reverse recovery current problem arising from the diode can be further eliminated.

[0034] While the present invention has been described in terms of what are presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the present invention need not be restricted to the disclosed embodiment. On the contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims which are to be accorded with the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar structures. Therefore, the above description and illustration should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention which is defined by the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A zero voltage, zero current switching boost converter comprising: a boost section comprising a main switch for receiving a first direct current power and outputting a second direct current power; and a resonant circuit comprising a first discharge loop including a first auxiliary switch and a second discharge loop including a second auxiliary switch for permitting said first direct current power to discharge alternately through said first discharge loop and said second discharge loop to a load to generate said second direct current power; wherein said main switch is turned on and off under a zero voltage circumstances and both said first auxiliary switch and said second auxiliary switch are turned on and off under a zero current circumstances.
 2. The boost converter of claim 1 wherein said boost section further comprises a boost choke.
 3. The boost converter of claim 1 wherein said load comprises a first output capacitor and a second output capacitor.
 4. The boost converter of claim 3 wherein said first discharge loop further comprises a resonant inductor, said second output capacitor and a second main diode.
 5. The boost converter of claim 4 wherein said second discharge loop further comprises a first main diode, said first output capacitor and said resonant inductor.
 6. The boost converter of claim 1 wherein both said first auxiliary switch and said second auxiliary switch comprise a unidirectional switch.
 7. The boost converter of claim 6 wherein said unidirectional switch comprises one selected from a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) and an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with a relatively high collector-emitter reverse-biased voltage with gate opened (V_(CEO)).
 8. The boost converter of claim 6 wherein said unidirectional switch comprises an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with a relatively low collector-emitter reverse-biased voltage with gate opened (V_(CEO)).
 9. The boost converter of claim 8 wherein said resonant circuit further comprises a first auxiliary diode and a second auxiliary diode respectively connected with said first auxiliary switch and said second auxiliary switch. 